Pope Urban VIII Historical Figure Nationality: Italy Religion: Catholicism Date of Birth: 1568 Date of Death: 1644 Cause of Death: Natural Causes Occupation: Pope Affiliations: Catholic Church Appearances: 1632 series POD: May, 1631 Appearance(s): Ring of Fire 1634: The Galileo Affair 1634: The Bavarian Crisis 1635: The Cannon Law 1635: The Papal Stakes Type of Appearance: Direct

Pope Urban VIII (baptized 5 April 1568 – July 29, 1644), born Maffeo Barberini, was Pope from 1623 to 1644. He was the last Pope to expand the papal territory by force of arms, and was a prominent patron of the arts and reformer of Church missions. However, the massive debts incurred during his papacy greatly weakened his successors, who were unable to maintain the Pope's longstanding political or military influence in Europe. He was also involved in a controversy with Galileo Galilei and his theory on helio-centrism during his time.

Pope Urban VIII in 1632Edit

Pope Urban VIII pardoned Galileo Galilei after French Huguenot extremist Michel Ducos attempted to assassinate the pope at Galileo's trial in July of 1634. The attempt happened as Urban was about to announce his decision; he had just uttered the phrase "Eppur se muove", famously attributed to Galileo in the OTL. The attempt was foiled by the actions of Andrew Lennox and of Frank, Ron, and Gerry Stone, and Urban was not harmed^[1] After the assassination had been thwarted, he proceeded to pardon Galileo. Afterward, he told Lawrence Mazzare that he had determined that outcome in advance, and the the trial of Galileo was actually a test of Mazarre and, by extension, the up-time Catholic Church. He then elevated Mazzare to cardinal, and named him Cardinal-Protector of the United States of Europe, effectively declaring a policy of neutrality in secular disputes between nations, and tacitly recognizing the USE.^[2]

Later that year, he granted dispensations which released Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand from his vows to the Catholic Church, and which allowed him and his cousin, Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria, to marry. Philip IV of Spain was quite unhappy with this, and promised to "deal with" Urban for doing it.^[3]

In 1635, Urban was overthrown by Spanish Cardinal Gaspar Borja y Velasco, who saw Urban's behaviors as radical and inimical to the Catholic Church, and was wary of the time-displaced Americans from Grantville. Urban took refuge in the Castel Sant'Angelo, and would have been killed had he been captured there, but he was able to flee with help from Rome's American embassy. He, his nephew Antonio Barberini, and Muzio Vitelleschi were taken to Padua, in the Republic of Venice's terrefirma.^[4] He was later moved to the abandoned villa of Molini, in a remote part of Venice's hinterlands.^[5]

ReferencesEdit

1. ↑ 1634: The Galileo Affair. ch, 49
2. ↑ 1634: The Galileo Affair. ch, 51
3. ↑ 1634: The Bavarian Crisis, ch. 65
4. ↑ 1635: The Cannon Law, Epilogue
5. ↑ 1635: The Papal Stakes

See AlsoEdit

• Pope Urban VIII at the Harry Turtledove Wiki

Religious titles (OTL)
Preceded by Pope Gregory XV	Pope 1623-44	Succeeded by Pope Innocent X
Religious offices (1632)
Preceded by Pope Gregory XV	Pope 1623-35	Succeeded by Gaspar Borja y Velasco (disputed)

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